ATR

Protein ATR

Identifiers
ataxia telangiectasia and Rad3 related
HUGO:ATR, HGNC:882, ENTREZ:545, UNIPROT:Q13535

Maps_Modules
HMC:SUSTAINING_PROLIFERATIVE_SIGNALLING
Cell Cycle DNA Repair / G1_S_CHECKPOINT
Cell Cycle DNA Repair / S_PHASE_CHECKPOINT
Cell Cycle DNA Repair / G2_M_CHECKPOINT

References
For S-phase checkpoint
PMID:11877377, PMID:15459660, PMID:17384638, PMID:17102137, PMID:17116885, PMID:17296725, PMID:19793801, PMID:17582221, PMID:18677104
HCLK2*/FANCM/FAAP24/active ATR complex inhibits S-phase
PMID:19282663, PMID:19622404
For ATR/ATRIP/CHEK1/Tim* S-phase checkpoint
PMID:15798197

ATR|pho|active@Nucleus

References
ce_re37( Cell Cycle DNA Repair ):
PMID:16332722, PMID:15136767
ATR binds stalled fork and phosphorylates CHK1 that activates checkpoint, stops cell cycle
ce_re33:( Cell Cycle DNA Repair ) PMID:15485915
ce_re43:( Cell Cycle DNA Repair ) PMID:16731533
ce_re49:( Cell Cycle DNA Repair ) PMID:19788416
ce_re71( Cell Cycle DNA Repair ):
For inactivation of EXO1 by 53BP1-mediated phosphorylation:
PMID:18756267, PMID:15867354
ATM and ATR phosphorylate EXO1 and lead to EXO1 ubiquitination and degradation:
PMID:18048416, PMID:11438669, PMID:20019063
ce_re90( Cell Cycle DNA Repair ):
PMID:9488723, PMID:19772495
PMID:17303408
ce_re110( Cell Cycle DNA Repair ):
Phosphorylation by ATM and ATR at T847, S327
Phosphorylation at S327 by ATM and ATR are essential for shift from A_NHEJ to HR
Phosphorylation by CDC2(CDK1) in cell cycle dep manner to shift from C_NHEJ ot HR at: Ser 267
This phosphorylation allows resection that initiates HR and blocks binding of Ku70/Ku80 complex that initiates C_NHEJ.
PMID:19357644, PMID:15485915, PMID:19490890, PMID:18716619 (for CDK-dep phosph), PMID:20051983
BRCA1 and CtIP interactions make shift from A_NHEJ and C_NHEJ toward HR
Resected DNA in HR is a positive trigger for amplification of the HR pathway (positive loop):
PMID:20051983
Only when CDKs are fully active, this fully activates HR during S and G2 phases:
PMID:18511906, PMID:18716619
ce_re132:( Cell Cycle DNA Repair ) PMID:19841479, PMID:19793861
ce_re160( Cell Cycle DNA Repair ):
PMID:18931676
PMID:19686080
Link between cell cycle and activation of Fanconi pathway
ce_re186( Cell Cycle DNA Repair ):
PMID:18931676, PMID:19686080
ce_re187( Cell Cycle DNA Repair ):
NBS1 is required for FANCD2 phosphorylation and relocation into the FA core complex:
PMID:14988723
ce_re199( Cell Cycle DNA Repair ):
HCLK2*/FANCM/FAAP24/active ATR complex inhibit S-phase:
PMID:19282663, PMID:19622404, PMID:18995830
ce_re205( Cell Cycle DNA Repair ):
Phosphorylation of NBS1 by ATR in response to crosslink-activation of S phase checkpoint
PMID:15136767, PMID:14988723
ce_re206( Cell Cycle DNA Repair ):
Phosphorylation of NBS1 bt ATR in responce to crosslink-activation of S phase checkpoint
PMID:15136767
Formation of the complex for crosslink-activation of S phase checkpoint. FA core complex activates the reaction to stop cell cycle propagation:
ce_re235( Cell Cycle DNA Repair ):
ATR phosphorylates XPA and activates NER during S-phase in response to damaged DNA, but not during other cc phases:
PMID:16540648, PMID:19004803
ce_re260( Cell Cycle DNA Repair ):
DNA with O6-methylguanine adducts, MutSalpha and MutLalpha activate ATR/ATRIP and BER pathways performs the repair:
PMID:16713580, PMID:18543256
Damaged DNA triggers ATR/ATRIP complex activation
ce_re315:( Cell Cycle DNA Repair ) PMID:16885023, PMID:17303408
ce_re408:( Cell Cycle DNA Repair ) PMID:9858600

ATR@Nucleus

References
ce_re37( Cell Cycle DNA Repair ):
PMID:16332722, PMID:15136767
ATR binds stalled fork and phosphorylates CHK1 that activates checkpoint, stops cell cycle

Modifications:
In compartment: Nucleus

ATR@Nucleus
ATR|pho|active@Nucleus

Participates in complexes:
In compartment: Nucleus

Participates in reactions:
As Reactant or Product:

As Catalyser: