Simple molecule lactate map
lactate@Cytosol

References
CASCADE:TGFB
CASCADE:PDGF
PMID:22101652; PMID:19923890
The M1 or M2 splice isoforms of pyruvate kinase (PK), a mandatory regulatory glycolytic enzyme, shift glucose metabolism towards aerobic glycolysis (PKM2) or oxidative phosphorylation (PKM1)
PKM2 and lactate dehydrogenase are highly expressed in the stroma of breast cancer lacking caveolin-1 expression
PMID:22874531
Fibroblasts overexpressing the constitutively active TGF-??
receptor kinase (RI; T204D) show increased autophagy and oxidative stress-induced aerobic glycolysis
ROS production downstream of TGFB induces lactate secretion
PMID:25732824
lactate production was increased 2.5-fold in both TGF-??- and PDGF-induced CAFs compared to the control fibroblasts (Figure 1C). Glucose uptake also increased approximately 2-fold in both types of induced CAFs compared to control fibroblasts

lactate@default

Maps_Modules
HMC:TUMOR_PROMOTING_INFLAMMATION
HMC:ACTIVATING_INVASION_AND_METASTASIS
 Cancer Associated Fibroblasts  map  / METABOLIC  map

References
PMID:20818174
L-lactate did not increase primary tumor growth, it stimulated the formation of lung metastases by ???10-fold.

lactate@Extracellular space

Identifiers
CHEBI:16651 KEGGCOMPOUND:C00186 CAS:79-33-4

Modifications:
In compartment: Cytosol
  1. lactate@Cytosol map
In compartment: Extracellular space
  1. lactate@Extracellular space map
In compartment: default
  1. lactate@default map
Participates in complexes:
    Participates in reactions:
    As Reactant or Product:
    1. piruvat@Cytosol map → map lactate@Cytosol map
    2. lactate@default map → map TUMOR_INVASION@default map
    3. lactate@Cytosol map → map lactate@default map
    4. lactate@Cytosol map → map Nutrient starvation@Cytosol map
    5. pyruvate@Cytosol map + NAD_super_+_endsuper_@Cytosol map → map lactate@Cytosol map + NADH@Cytosol map + H+@Cytosol map
    6. lactate@Cytosol map → map lactate@Extracellular space map
    As Catalyser:
    1. HIF1A:​HIF1B*@Nucleus map + O_sub_2_endsub_@Nucleus map + 2-oxoglutarate@Nucleus map → map rc_s5678 + CO_sub_2_endsub_@Nucleus map + succinate@Nucleus map