PAK1

Protein PAK1

Identifiers
HUGO:PAK1
p21 protein (Cdc42/Rac)-activated kinase 1
"p21/Cdc42/Rac1-activated kinase 1 (STE20 homolog, yeast)", "p21/Cdc42/Rac1-activated kinase 1 (yeast Ste20-related)"
HUGO:PAK1 HGNC:8590 ENTREZ:5058 UNIPROT:Q13153

Maps_Modules
HMC:AVOIDING_IMMUNE_DESTRUCTION
Adaptive Immune Response / TCR_SIGNALING
HMC:ACTIVATING_INVASION_AND_METASTASIS
EMT Senescence / EMT_REGULATORS
EMT Senescence / CYTOSKELETON_POLARITY
HMC:RESISTING_CELL_DEATH
Regulated Cell Death / APOPTOSIS
Regulated Cell Death / MOMP_REGULATION
Innate Immunity / IMMUNOSTIMULATORY_CORE_PATHWAYS

References
PMID:14764585
NATURAL_KILLER
CASCADE:NKP46
CASCADE:INTEGRIN_A4B1
CASCADE:INTEGRIN_A5B1
PMID:11062502, PMID:11385609, PMID:11907067, PMID:15536084
Nkp46 controls NK cytolitic activity via PI3K /RAC1/PAK1/MEK??/ERK pathway, probably throught SYK
PMID:11907067, PMID:11062502
RAC1 activates PAK1 downstream of SYK and PI3K and upstream of ERK and MEK.
PMID:12885870
Engagement of the beta2 integrin LFA-1 on NK cells by intercellular adhesion molecule (ICAM)-1 led to a tyrosine phosphorylation of Vav1 that was not sensitive to cholesterol depletion and to inhibition of actin polymerization. Vav1 phosphorylation was blocked by an inhibitor of Src-family kinases, and correlated with activation of its downstream effector PAK1.
PMID:10661401
Cross-Linking of ??1 Integrins on Human NK Cells via VAV1 activates Rac1, which controls p38 MAPK Activation.

PAK1@Cytosol

References
em_emtc_emtc_re840( EMT Senescence ):
CDC42 promotes changes in actin cytoskeleton by several pathways.
PMID:10461188
PMID:11950587
PMID:11340065
PMID:10559936
PMID:10613909
PMID:11413130
CDC42 activates PAK1,2,3,4 and CDC42BPA (MRCKalpha) which phosphorylate LIMK1,2.
LIMK1,2 subsquently phosphorylate and inhibit Cofilin
Destrin as actin depolymerizing factor, once phosphorylated by LIMK1,2 is inactive and thus this phosphorylation leads to actin polymerization and stimulation of filopodia and stress fibers formation.
PMID:15713627
Spatially distinct binding of Cdc42 to PAK1 and N-WASP
em_emtc_emtc_re472( EMT Senescence ):
PMID:22154077, PMID:17522712
PMID:11018042
LIMK1 is regulated by Pak1,
em_emtc_emtc_re791( EMT Senescence ):
Rac1 binds to BAIAP2 which in turn associates with WASF2.
This stimulates ARP2/3 and leads to actin cytoskeleal polymerization.
PMID:16702231
WAVE2 (so-called WASF2) activates the ARP2/3 complex for Rac-induced actin polymerization during lamellipodium formation
PMID:9843499
WASF (WAVE) as regulator of actin reorganization downstream of Rac.
Expressed WAVE induces the formation of actin filament clusters.
WAVE plays a critical role downstream of Rac in regulating the actin cytoskeleton required for mem- brane ruffling
PMID:12054568
WAVE2 serves a functional partner of IRSp53 by regulating its interaction with Rac.
PMID:8625410
PMID:16293614
PMID:10467124
PMID:10511705
CDC42 induces actin cytoskeleton changes by activating WASP and N-WASP.
WASP and N-WASP binds to ARP2/3 and this lieads to actin cytoskeletal polymerization and filopodia formation.
PMID:14749719
PAK1 phosphorylates and activates ARP2_3 complex.
em_emtc_emtc_re964( EMT Senescence ):
PMID:11121431
PMID:15157156
PMID:15229651
Nischarin binds preferentially to the cytoplasmic tail of ITGA5 subunit ti inhibit cell migration.
Nischarin is not found in focal adhesion sites.
Once integrins enter into adhesion sites, Nischarin is released, allowing it to bind to the activated PAK1 in order to inactive PAK1..
This binding is enhaced by active Rac1.
The ability of Nischarin to inhibit PAK1 is related to its ability to inhibit cell motility.

Modifications:
In compartment: Cytosol

PAK1@Cytosol

In compartment: INNATE_IMMUNE_CELL_Cytosol

PAK1@INNATE_IMMUNE_CELL_Cytosol

In compartment: T_cell

PAK1@T_cell

Participates in complexes:
In compartment: Cytosol

NISCH:PAK1@Cytosol

Participates in reactions:
As Reactant or Product:

As Catalyser: