Protein CyclinD1* map

Identifiers
cyclin D1
HUGO:CCND1, HGNC:1582, ENTREZ:595, GENECARDS:GC11P069455, UNIPROT:P24385
HUGO:CCND1 HGNC:1582 ENTREZ:595 UNIPROT:P24385

Maps_Modules
HMC:ACTIVATING_INVASION_AND_METASTASIS
 EMT Senescence  map  / EMT_REGULATORS  map
 EMT Senescence  map  / SENESCENCE  map
HMC:RESISTING_CELL_DEATH
 Regulated Cell Death  map  / RCD_GENES  map

References
PMID:19238148
CDK activity requires binding of regulatory subunits known as cyclins.
Cyclins are synthesized and destroyed at specific times during the cell cycle, thus regulating kinase activity in a timely manner.
Only several CDK???cyclin complexes are directly involved in driving the cell cycle:
-3 interphase CDKs (CDK2, CDK4 and CDK6), 1 mitotic CDK (CDK1)
-10 cyclins that belong to 4 different classes (the A-, B-, D- and E-type cyclins).
PMID:9832503
D-type cyclins are labile proteins guarantees
Phosphorylation of cyclin D1 on T286 by GSK3B leads to the rapid ubiquitination and proteasomal degradation of cyclin D1
cyclin D1 accumulates in the nucleus during G1 phase and exits into the cytoplasm during S phase
GSK3B is predominantly cytoplasmic during G1 phase, but a significant fraction enters the nucleus during S phase.
Phosphorylation and proteolytic turnover of cyclin D1 and its subcellular localization during the cell division cycle are linked through the action of GSK3B.
PMID:10331086
CDK inhibitors are classified into 2 families: Cip/Kip family and INK4 family
INK4 family consists of p16INK4a, p15INK4B, p18INK4c, p19INK4d
INK4 family spcially interacts with Cdk4 and Cdk6 but not other Cdks
INK4 binding prevents the association of Cdk4 and Cdk6 with the D-type cyclins (D1, D2, D3)
The vast majority of INK4 proteins are not found in complexes containing cyclins D.
PMID:22943793
TGFB induces expression of p15INK4B and represses expression of c-Myc
p15INK4B is able to prevent cyclin D-CDK4/6 complex formation
p15INK4B displaces p21CIP and p27KIP1 from cyclin D-CDK4/6 complexes.
These CIP/KIP inhibitors are subsequently able to inactivate other complexes of G1 and S phase and therby inhibit cell cycle.

Modifications:
In compartment: Cytosol
  1. CyclinD1*@Cytosol map
In compartment: Nucleus
  1. CyclinD1*@Nucleus map
Participates in complexes:
In compartment: Cytosol
  1. CDK4_6*:​CyclinD1*@Cytosol map
  2. CDK4_6*:​CyclinD1*:​p21CIP1*@Cytosol map
  3. CDK4_6*:​CyclinD1*:​p27KIP1*@Cytosol map
Participates in reactions:
As Reactant or Product:
  1. CDK4_6*:​CyclinD1*@Cytosol map → map Early to mid-G1 phase@Cytosol map
  2. CDK4_6*@Cytosol map + CyclinD1*@Cytosol map → map CDK4_6*:​CyclinD1*@Cytosol map
  3. p21CIP1*@Cytosol map + CDK4_6*:​CyclinD1*@Cytosol map → map CDK4_6*:​CyclinD1*:​p21CIP1*@Cytosol map
  4. CDK4_6*:​CyclinD1*@Cytosol map + p27KIP1*@Cytosol map → map CDK4_6*:​CyclinD1*:​p27KIP1*@Cytosol map
  5. rCyclinD1*@Nucleus map → map CyclinD1*@Cytosol map
  6. CyclinD1*@Cytosol map → map CyclinD1*@Nucleus map
  7. CyclinD1*@Nucleus map → map degraded
  8. rCyclinD1*@Nucleus map → map CyclinD1*@Nucleus map
As Catalyser:
  1. NRF1@Nucleus map → map NRF1|​S47_pho@Nucleus map