References
PMID:9604935
Phosphorylation of ERK-1/2 promotes its homodimerization
PMID:18775330
Scaffolds and ERK dimers are essential for the activation of cytoplasmic but not nuclear substrates.
Dimerization is critical for connecting the scaffolded ERK complex to cognate cytoplasmic substrates.
Contrarily, nuclear substrates associate to ERK monomers.